Thursday, 28 September 2017

Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana - Saubhagya

On September 25, 2017, PM Narendra Modi launched the Saubhagya Scheme.

What is the objective of this new scheme?
The objective of the Saubhagya Scheme is to provide energy access to all by last mile connectivity and electricity connections to all remaining un-electrified households in rural as well as urban areas to achieve universal household electrification in the country.

What all is included in last mile connectivity and electricity connection to households?
The electricity connection to households include release of electricity connections by drawing a service cable from the nearest pole to the household premise, installation of energy meter, wiring for a single light point with LED bulb and a mobile charging point. In case the electricity pole is not available nearby from household for drawing service cable, the erection of additional pole along with conductor and associated accessories shall also be covered under the scheme.

Will electricity connection would be totally free of cost for every un-electrified households?
Yes. Poor households would be provided electricity connections free of cost. Other households would also be provided electricity connections under the scheme on payment of Rs.500 only which shall be recovered by the DISCOMs/Power Departments in ten (10) instalments along with electricity bills.

Does the free electricity connection also include free power for consumption?

There is no provision in the scheme to provide free power to any category of consumers. The cost of electricity consumption shall have to be paid by the respective consumers as per prevailing tariff of the DISCOM/Power Deptt.

 

What is the provision for households where it is not feasible to extend grid lines?

For households located in remote and inaccessible areas, solar power packs of 200 to 300 Watt and battery back with 5 LED lights, 1 DC Fan, 1 DC power plug along with repair and maintenance for 5 years would be provided.

Two major schemes, DDUGJY for rural areas and IPDS in urban areas, are already under implementation then what is the need for a new scheme?
DDUGJY envisage creation of basic electricity infrastructure in villages / habitations, strengthening & augmentation of existing infrastructure, metering of existing feeders / distribution transformers / consumers to improve quality and reliability of power supply in rural areas. Besides this, last mile connectivity and free electricity connections are also provided to BPL households only identified by the States as per their list. However, in villages which are electrified in past for a long period, many households do not have electricity connections for many reasons. Some of the really poor households do not have BPL cards but these households are not capable of paying applicable initial connection charges. There is also lack of awareness as to how to get connection or taking connection is not an easy task for illiterate people. There may not be electricity pole nearby and the cost of erection of additional pole, conductor is also chargeable from the households for obtaining a connection.

Similarly, in urban areas, IPDS provides for creation of necessary infrastructure to provide electricity access but some households are not yet connected mainly on account of their economic condition as they are not capable of paying the initial connection charges.

Therefore, Saubhagya has been launched to plug such gaps and comprehensively address the issues of entry barrier, last mile connectivity and release of electricity connections to all un-electrified households in rural and urban areas.

What are the criteria for allocation of funds to the States?
Projects under the scheme would be sanctioned based on the DPRs to be submitted by the States. There is no upfront allocation of fund under the scheme.

 

How the scheme would be implemented in the entire country?

Project proposals shall be prepared by the State DISCOMs / Power Deptt. And sanctioned by an inter-ministerial Monitoring Committee headed by Secretary (Power), GOI. The electrification works under the sanctioned projects shall be executed by respective DISCOMs/Power Deptt. Through turnkey contractors or departmentally or through other suitable agencies capable of doing this work as per norms.

 

How many un-electrified households would be covered under Saubhagya?

There are about 4 crore un-electrified households estimated in the country of which about 1 crore BPL households in rural areas are already covered under sanctioned projects of DDUGJY. Thus, total of 300 lakh households, 250 lakh households in rural areas and 50 lakh in urban areas, are expected to be covered under the scheme.

 


Based on a report by the Press information Bureau

Wednesday, 27 September 2017

Revised Edition of Environment and Ecology


The publishers of the original edition of this book have exited the Test-Prep domain. I have now had the book published by OakBridge Publishing.

Given limited time, I have made marginal revisions to the book:
·      Correction of errors pointed out by watchful aspirants
·      Addition of questions papers of 2016 and 2017






For a free Preview of the book (including Preface, Detailed Contents, Effective Study Methods, and Examination Strategy), access the publisher’s website: http://www.oakbridge.in/news-room/


On that site, you will also a surprise: Another book of mine for the Civil Services Examination!

The Sardar Sarovar Dam (Narmada Project)

Amongst the 30 large dams planned for the Narmada Project, the Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat is the largest.

Timeline of Narmada Project:

1961: PM Jawaharlal Nehru lays the foundation stone.

1964: A.N.Khosla Panel formed to resolve dispute between Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh over sharing of water and power from the dam.

1969: Madhya Pradesh does not accept the Khosla Panel Report; Narmada Water Dispute Tribunal formed.

1979: Tribunal gives final award.

1980: Work begins, but stopped due to protests by Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) against massive displacement of people and environmental destruction.

1996: Supreme Court stays project.

2000: Supreme Court allows resumption subject to the completion of the rehabilitation process.

2006: Gujarat CM Modi sits on a 51-hour fast as the UPA government refuses to give permission to raise the height of dam, citing incomplete rehabilitation work.

2014: Immediately after coming to power, PM Modi gives the final permission to raise the height to 138 m.

2017: PM Modi inaugurates the dam on September 17, 2017; NBA calls off jalsatyagraha, seeks proper rehabilitation of oustees.

The Dam:
  • 138.68 m high
  • Second biggest concrete gravity dam in the world after the Grand Coulee Dam in the US 
  •  Biggest dam in the world in terms of volume of concrete used 
  •  Third highest concrete dam in India after the Tehri and Bhakra Dams


Official claims of benefits from the Dam:
  • Irrigation: 1.8 m ha in Gujarat benefitting 1 million farmers 
  • Drinking Water: 9490 villages and 173 towns (30 million people) 
  • Hydropower: 1,450 MW installed capacity (1 billion kWh every year) 
  • Canal Network - Approximately 75,000 km length within Gujarat 
  • Control of floods


Arguments of those who opposed the dam, its height, etc: 
  •  Incomplete rehabilitation of people displaced from their lands 
  • Loss of biodiversity and fertile soil due to submergence of land and forest     
  • Overestimates of power production and irrigated land 
  • Power required to pump water through canals may lead to net negative balance.
  • The three main purposes - irrigation, power production, and flood control- conflict with one another.